Background

Soil temperature monitoring provides key information on subsurface hydrothermal and magmatic processes. Changes in soil temperature can reflect variations in heat flow, hydrothermal circulation, or diffuse degassing pathways.

When measured together with soil CO₂, these datasets help distinguish thermal signals from purely gas-driven variations.

At Okmok volcano, soil temperature probes have been deployed across the caldera floor in areas of diffuse degassing. These measurements serve as a complementary dataset to soil CO₂ concentrations, offering a fuller picture of volcanic activity and subsurface processes.